UL 325 Safety Standards
1. Product Safety Compliance: It's The Law!
2. Product Safety Compliance Is a Legal Requirement Worldwide.
3. March 1, 2000; UL 325 Safety Standards went into effect.

In North America, Federal Laws Require Approval By An Accredited Testing Laboratory While UL and CSA approval was once seen as essential, approval by an Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) accredited NRTL in the U.S. and a Standards Council of Canada (SCC) accredited laboratory in Canada, is now all that is required for electrical products in the respective countries… including ITE, telecom and electromedical equipment.
For example, in the U.S., OSHA Section 1910.399 states, "Electronic equipment is acceptable…if it is…listed…by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL)…." Use of equipment in the workplace which is not ''acceptable'' is a violation of federal law.
Select laboratories which have passed OSHA's stringent accreditation procedures can be designated as NRTLs with the right to issue necessary approvals.

Avoid the Nightmare of Being Sued
When it comes to product safety, manufacturers must defend themselves on two fronts. First, one must avoid prosecution for violating the law. In the U.S. workplace electrical safety laws are set by OSHA. A product safety listing, as indicated by the ETL Listed Mark, satisfies that law.

But product safety violations can mean more than just federal prosecution. You can also be sued by a user who has been injured by your product. Here too, having an ETL Listed product may make a difference. For example, when a plaintiff's attorney can point to an existing ANSI/UL standard and show that the product did not meet that standard, and that lack of compliance caused the injury, he can justifiably claim that the design was defective. The standard of care imposed on the manufacturer rests, to at least some degree, on the practices that are widespread throughout the industry. ANSI/UL standards exist by virtue of industry consensus, and, therefore, represent powerful evidence of the standards to which manufacturers themselves have consented to comply.
Finally, where meeting safety standards is mandatory under the law, violation of those standards implies a "negligence per se" rule. In such cases, there is no question about negligence-the only question is how much the manufacturer must pay.

Closing The Door On The Controversy: The Straight Facts About Gate Operator Compliance
March 1, 2000, the effective date for Underwriters Laboratories Standard 325 (UL 325) Fourth Edition, marked a milestone in the fence and gate industry. However, the true implications of that milestone remain in ongoing debate among industry analysts and experts. In response to recent automatic gate-related injuries and fatalities, UL 325 Fourth Edition (Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver and Window Operators and Systems) makes explicit considerations for the entrapment of persons in automatic gate systems. These revisions mandate specific requirements of gate operator installers, distributors and manufacturers with serious repercussions in liability and potential legal recourse. But what exactly these repercussions are and to whom they apply has been the subject of substantial controversy and considerable contradictory information now circulates throughout the industry.
Some erroneously believe that compliance with UL 325 is not mandatory until the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) adopts the standard. Others maintain that compliance with UL 325 is completely voluntary unless a federal, state or local law mandates the standard. But when it comes to gate operators destined for employee workplaces, nothing could be further from the truth. The intent of this article is to close the door on the controversy surrounding UL 325 and set the record straight on its immediate implications for fence and gate professionals.

What Exactly is the Letter of the Law?
The fact of the matter is that under Federal Law 29 CFR 1910.399, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that all electrical equipment used in employee workplaces be listed, labeled, and system-certified by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). The equipment in question must meet all applicable product safety standards which, for gate operators, would be UL 325 Fourth Edition. This means that without exception, all gate operators and gate operating equipment destined for employee workplaces must be tested and certified to the specifications of UL 325. While compliance to the revised standard remains voluntary for residential applications, it is important to note that in certain situations (a gardening service on the premises, a routine maintenance visit by an HVAC professional) OSHA may consider a residential environment a workplace environment - transferring the same legal requirements and liability to what was believed to be an "indemnified" gate system. In addition, given the recent scrutiny of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), it is highly likely that the standard will eventually become mandatory for residential applications. So, for the moment, while residential systems' compliance to UL 325 certainly makes excellent business sense from a liability perspective, in business settings it is the absolute letter of the law as far as OSHA is concerned.
Specifically, gate operator control mechanisms along with the integral wiring systems are covered by UL 325 Fourth Edition. In some cases, additional testing for performance certification will be required under standard UL 991 which is cross-referenced in UL 325. Under UL 991, the controls will be separately evaluated for their applicable use. It is important to note that simply using listed components within a gate operator will not by default produce a listed gate operator system. Some manufacturers, despite using recognized components and listed products, are still unable to secure product listing for the collective system because they do not meet all the safety and performance requirements of the standard.

What Can An NRTL Do For Me?
Simply put, a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) is an independent laboratory accredited by OSHA to test products to the specifications of all applicable recognized product safety standards - such as those from UL and other standards-writing bodies. Their function is to provide an independent evaluation, testing and certification of any electrically operated product. Intertek Testing Services, NA, (ITS) which issues the ETL Product Safety Certification Mark, is recognized as an NRTL in the United States and, in a similar capacity, as a Certifying Organization (CO) in Canada and a Notified Body in Europe.
In the midst of the industry's confusion, many distributors, manufacturers and end users may not be aware that under the provisions of Federal Law 29 CFR 1910.399, OSHA requires gate operators to be certified compliant to UL 325 for employee workplaces. As experts in the field of product safety testing and certification, an NRTL like ITS possesses the unparalleled knowledge of current product safety standards to ensure that the products you manufacture, distribute or install are in full compliance - protecting your assets and mitigating your liability. In addition to required testing for UL 325 compliance, it is important to note that dealers installing gate operators should be aware that The National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) may also require that electrical equipment, such as gate operators or light fixtures, be NRTL approved. An OSHA-accredited NRTL can be a powerful ally - safeguarding your business and protecting you from unwarranted blame.

What Are the Certification Marks & What Do They Mean?
As proof that a product has been tested and certified to the specifications of accepted standards, NRTLs issue Certification Marks to product manufacturers. A single NRTL can provide many different certification marks, with differing levels of significance for each. ITS' ETL Listed Mark is denoted by the word "listed" appearing directly below the letters within the Mark. A control number can also be found directly below the word "listed" along with an indication of the standard to which the product has been tested and certified. This Mark, along with other means of identification, will identify gate operator hardware and components as being listed for their applicable use.
Some manufacturers may claim that their products comply with UL 325 Fourth Edition, but unless certified by an independent NRTL they cannot bear the appropriate Certification Mark. The United States currently offers no options for manufacturers to "self certify" their products. In addition to the initial product evaluation conducted by the NRTL, manufacturers must agree to follow-up inspections of their manufacturing process every 90 days to ensure ongoing compliance with the standard.

What Are the Consequences of Non-Compliance?
Given the confusion over this issue, it is extremely important that all involved parties understand the consequences of installing, manufacturing, or distributing unlisted/uncertified gate operator hardware for employee workplaces. Recent injuries and fatalities have brought great attention to the industry and given the severity of these incidents it is highly unlikely that this scrutiny will subside. In a July 27, 1999 memorandum, The CPSC reports that from 1990-1998 an estimated 6,800 injuries (or 755 injuries per year) were related to automatic gates. Among those incidents, there were 28 automatic gate-related deaths during the same time period, involving victims from 17 months to 60 years old. The penalties for non-compliance? Under Federal Law 29 CFR 1910.399 Section 17A, OSHA has the authority to impose a fine of $70,000 per piece of non-certified equipment, and under Section 17E OSHA may impose a jail sentence of up to six months. Section 17G allows additional fines and even imprisonment for parties found guilty of false certification. And what's more, these fines and penalties set in motion a sequence of litigation cascading from the end user to the original equipment manufacturer. One way or another, everyone pays the price for non-compliance. With the threat of such heavy fines and penalties, it is in the best interests of all fence and gate professionals to protect themselves from liability and understand the immediate ramifications of UL 325 Fourth Edition.

How Can I Protect My Business?
To minimize your liability, reduce the risk of local inspector rejections and ensure compliance with all OSHA federal laws, your system specifications should require NRTL system certification to UL 325 Fourth Edition. To ensure the highest level of protection, your system components should be tested, certified, listed and labeled by the original equipment manufacturer before they leave the production facility. Anything less unnecessarily jeopardizes both your business and the individuals who use your products. For additional information please visit the ITS web site at www.etlsemko.com or the GTO, Inc. site at www.gtoinc.com.